Problem solving and quality improvement Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Problem solving and quality improvement - Essay Example Failure Mode and Effect Analysis, commonly referred as FMEA in short, is a systematic approach to risk management throughout the product lifecycle. Primarily, this technique is used for material failures; however, various other defects like human factor and software can also be analyzed. In turn, results obtained from FMEA has broader impact on different aspects of product life cycle including suppliers, design, manufacturing, after sales services and intended service. This technique has mandatory been applied in aeronautics and automotive as encouraged by various standards. The aim of this project report is to analyze the reasons for series of complete failures on high performing braking systems developed for rally cars by STOP IT Limited, specializing in brake system manufacturing for motorsport industry. In this report, Failure Mode and Effect Analysis has systematically been used to identify the reasons for failures and recommend way forward. During the analysis, a detailed proje ct plan was developed including the guidelines for establishing severity and probabilities of the occurrence and detection. Detailed system for the motorsports braking system was studied to precisely identify these factors. Finally, a comprehensive FMEA was conducted, which revealed problems with contamination in the braking fluid and ovality and clearances with the wheel piston. As corrective action, it was recommended to define period spectrometric analysis of the braking fluid and reduce periodic frequency of the fluid change. In addition, it was recommended to check the ovality and clearances of the p[piston prior assembly and installation. Table of Contents 1.Introduction 1 2.Project Plan 1 2.1 Steps for Planning the FMEA 1 2.2 Project Management Plan 2 3.FMEA analysis on Product 2 3.1 Types of FMEA for Automotive 3 3.2 Project Scope 3 3.4 Project Team 3 3.5 Plan Resources and Time Requirements 4 3.6 Data Collection 6 3.7 Description of the System 6 3.8 Identification of possib le failures, consequences and causes 7 3.9 Hazard assessment (Risk Analysis) 1 3.10 Assign Severity 1 3.11 Identification of Inverted Delta 2 3.12 Determine probability of Occurrence 2 3.13 Identification of Current Controls

Criminal Theory Paper Research Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Criminal Theory - Research Paper Example The paper also deals with the common models used by society to determine which acts are considered to be criminal, how they are affected by choice theories, and how they are enforced by the government. It is essential to identify the various choice theories and how they contribute to an in depth understanding of how crimes are being perceived by the society and the criminal justice system. Regoli and Hewitt have made some remarkable studies on the various choice theories on crimes and for the researchers choice theories hold â€Å"that people have free will, are rational and intelligent, and make informed decisions to commit crimes based on whether they believe they will benefit from doing so† (Regoli & Hewitt 66). Thus, an individual has the free will to decide whether to commit a crime or refrain from it in given situations. The ultimate choice of indulging in crimes rests on the individual himself. Very often, individuals commit crimes only after evaluating the possible ben efits as well as the consequences of the action in their lives. It can thus be inferred that individuals tend to keep themselves away from crimes when such consequences of crimes would lead them to pain, punishment, imprisonment or even death penalty. Choice theories can generally be categorized into rational choice theory, the routine activities theory and the life style theory. All these choice theories underline the fact that people are more inclined to commit crimes when right opportunities arise and there is nothing to deter or de-motivate them from such choices. The rational choice theory was developed and propagated by Ronald Clarke and Derek Cornish. The authors argue that offenders are â€Å"rational people who make calculated choices before they commit a criminal act† and as such they â€Å"collect, process, and evaluate information about the crime; they weigh the costs and benefits of the crime before they make the decision to commit it† (Regoli & Hewitt 67) . Thus, the rational choice theorists argue that offenders commit planned crimes where they decide whom to target and in what way to operate their criminal activities. The theory has great significance in the criminal justice system. It is imperative that there are powerful provisions of punishment and deterrence in the criminal justice system to put an end to rational choice crimes. From a rational choice perspective the decisions of the offenders regarding the crime are quite purposive, intentional and deliberative. However, these decisions can be â€Å"biased on limited information, made under pressure, insufficiently planned, and/or attentive only to the immediate risks of apprehension rather than to the long-term consequences of their actions† (Lilly, Ball & Cullen 342). Most often, crimes based on choice theories stem from the offender’s attempts to satisfy his/her needs to earn money, acquire social status or to take revenge. On the other hand, the offender woul d always try to get rid of the negative consequences of the crime which include arrest, punishment and imprisonment. However, rational choice theory does not focus very much on the background factors that are involved in the making of crimes. On the other hand, rational choice t